Protective effects of ID331 Triticum monococcum gliadin on in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium

A growing interest in developing new strategies for preventing coeliac disease has motivated efforts to
identify cereals with null or reduced toxicity. In the current study, we investigate the biological effects
of ID331 Triticum monococcum gliadin-derived peptides in human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells.
Triticum aestivum gliadin derived peptides were employed as a positive control. The effects on epithelial
permeability, zonulin release, viability, and cytoskeleton reorganization were investigated. Our findings
confirmed that ID331 gliadin did not enhance permeability and did not induce zonulin release, cytotoxicity
or cytoskeleton reorganization of Caco-2 cell monolayers. We also demonstrated that ID331 xgliadin
and its derived peptide x(105-123) exerted a protective action, mitigating the injury of
Triticum aestivum gliadin on cell viability and cytoskeleton reorganization. These results may represent
a new opportunity for the future development of innovative strategies to reduce gluten toxicity in the
diet of patients with gluten intolerance.